Everything about Carnegiea Gigantea totally explained
The
Saguaro, pronounced "sah-wah-roh", (
Carnegiea gigantea) is a large, tree-sized
cactus species in the
monotypic genus
Carnegiea. It is native to the
Sonoran Desert in
Arizona, the
Mexican states of
Sonora and
Baja California, and an extremely small area of
California. The saguaro blossom is the
state flower of
Arizona.
The common name of the cactus,
saguaro, is a
Spanish-language adaptation of a word used by a local aboriginal American nation, the
Tohono O'odham, for the plant. Local English speakers pronounce it /səˈwɑɹo/.
Saguaros have a relatively long life span. They take up to 75 years to develop a side arm. The arms themselves are grown to increase the plants reproductive capacity (more apices equal more flowers and fruit). The growth rate of saguaros is strongly dependent on local precipitation patterns, and saguaros in drier western Arizona grow only half as fast as those in and around Tucson, Arizona (Drezner, 2003). Some specimens may live for more than 150 years; the champion saguaro grows in
Maricopa County,
Arizona and is tall with a girth of . (It was injured as a result of the
Cave Creek Complex fire in June 2005.) In addition to being slow growing, they're also slow to propagate. These two factors argue for the placement of the saguaro on the
endangered species list, although they're not on any such list. Harming one in any manner (including
cactus plugging) is illegal by state law in
Arizona, and when houses or highways are built, special permits must be obtained to move or destroy any saguaro affected.
The spines on smaller saguaro (having a height less than 2 meters grow rapidly, up to a millimeter per day. When held up to the light or bisected, alternating light and dark bands transverse to the long axis of spines can be seen. These "transverse bands" have been correlated to daily growth (one light/dark couplet equals one day of growth). In columnar cacti, spines almost always grow from the apex of the plant and then cease to grow as they're moved to the side and the apex continues to grow upwards. Thus, the older spines are towards the base of a columnar cactus and newer spines are near the apex. Current studies are underway to examine the relationship of carbon and isotope ratios in the tissues of spines to the past climate and photosynthetic history of the plant.
The night blooming flowers appear April-May and the sweet, ruby-colored fruit matures by late June. Each fruit can contain up to 2,000 seeds. Saguaro flowers are
self incompatible and require a
pollenizer to supply viable
pollen. A
well-pollinated fruit will contain several thousand tiny seeds, and large quantities of pollen are required for pollination. The major
pollinators are bats, primarily the
Lesser Long-nosed Bat, feeding on the nectar from the night-blooming flowers, which often remain open in the morning. The characteristics of the flower are geared toward pollination by the bats: the nocturnal opening of the flowers, maturation of pollen, and the nectar.
Gila Woodpecker, Purple Martins, House Finches, and
Gilded Flicker live in holes inside saguaros. Flickers excavate larger holes higher on the stem, penetrating the ribs. Their holes sometimes cause enough damage to cause death and other problems. These woodpeckers create new nest holes each season, rather than reuse the old ones, thus leaving convenient nest holes for a variety of other animals, especially birds such as the
Elf Owl.
The ribs of the saguaro were used for construction and other purposes by
aboriginal Americans of the region. A fine example can be seen in the roofing of the
cloisters of the
Mission San Xavier del Bac on the
Tohono O'odham lands near
Tucson, Arizona. The
Seri people of northwestern Mexico used the plant, which they call
mojépe, for a number of purposes.
The saguaro is often used as a generic emblem in commercials and logos that attempt to convey a sense of the southwest, even when the product has no connection to
Arizona, or the
Sonoran Desert. For instance, no saguaros are found within 250 miles (400 km) of
El Paso,
Texas, even though the silhouette is found on the label of
Old El Paso brand products. There are also no wild saguaros anywhere in such western U.S. states as
Texas,
Colorado,
Utah,
New Mexico, or
Nevada. The "
Peoria Saguaros" are a minor league baseball team that participates in the
Arizona Fall League every year.
Image:Saguaro_Cactus_AZ.jpg|Saguaro towering over a man
Image:Saguaro5763.jpg|Mature five armed in flower
Image:Saguaro-3.jpg|Snow covered saguaro near Tucson, Arizona
Image:Saguaro Forest - Tucson Arizona - Relic38.JPG|Suguaro "forest" near Tucson
Image:Dead saguaro1.jpg|The bare wooden ribs of a dead saguaro
Image:Saguaro1.JPG|Saguaro with nest holes
Image:Jefftimscactus.jpg|Looking up a saguaro
Image:saguaro3.jpg|Saguaro in Scottsdale, Arizona
Image:Sunset in Saguaro National Park.JPG|Sunset in Saguaro National Park
Image:Saguaro Unusual.JPG|Unusually formed saguaro from Sonoran desert near Kino Bay
Further Information
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